Voter turnout was considerably higher in the closely divided battleground states than in the rest of the country. Specifically, it was:
- ● 11% higher in 2020
- ● 11% higher in 2016
- ● 16% higher in 2012
- ● 9% higher in 2008.
Click here for discussion of voter turnout in section 1.5 of Every Vote Equal book.