Vermont House Is 17th State Legislative Chamber to Pass National Popular Vote Bill

The Vermont House yesterday became the 17th state legislative chamber in the U.S. to approve the National Popular Vote bill. The bill (previously passed by the Vermont Senate) now goes to the governor.

The National Popular Vote bill has been signed into law in Maryland (with 10 electoral votes), New Jersey (15 electoral votes), and Illinois (21 electoral votes). This total of 46 electoral votes is more than one-sixth of the 270 electoral votes needed to bring the legislation into effect.

The bill has passed 17 state legislative chambers (one-sixth of the total), including one house in Arkansas, Colorado, Maine, North Carolina, and Washington, and both houses in California, Hawaii, Illinois, New Jersey, Maryland, and Vermont. A map on our web site shows the progress of the bill in each state.

75% of Vermont Voters Support a National Popular Vote for President

A survey of 800 Vermont voters conducted April 26, 2008 showed 75%–25% overall support for a national popular vote for President.

By party, support is 86%–14% among Democratic voters; 61%–39% among Republicans, and 74%–26% for Others.

By age, support is almost the same across all age groups. Specifically, support is 78%–22% among 18–29 year olds; 74%–26% among 30–45 year olds; 74%–26% among 46–65 year olds; and 74%–24% among 65-and-older.

By gender, support is 82%–18% among women and 67%–33% among men.

By race, support is 76%–24% among whites, 60%–40% among African-Americans (representing 3% of respondents), 57%–43% among Hispanics (representing 1% of respondents), and 67%–33% among Others.

The overall results in Vermont (and the breakdowns by party, age, gender, and race) are very similar to previous polls taken in Arkansas, California, Connecticut, Maine, Michigan, and Missouri and previous national polls. For example, a national survey conducted by the Washington Post, Kaiser Family Foundation, and Harvard University showed 72% support nationwide, 73% support among Democrats, 60% among Republicans, and 73% among independents. These (and other) polls (and additional details about these polls) are available on our web site.

Background Information

The National Popular Vote bill would guarantee the Presidency to the candidate who receives the most popular votes in all 50 states (and the District of Columbia).

The shortcomings of the current system stem from the winner-take-all rule that awards all of a state's electoral votes to the candidate who receives the most popular votes in each state.

Under the winner-take-all rule, candidates have no reason to poll, visit, advertise, organize, or pay attention to the concerns of states where they are safely ahead or hopeless behind. Candidates concentrate their attention on a small handful of closely divided "battleground" states. This means that voters in two thirds of the states are ignored in presidential elections. In 2004, candidates concentrated over two-thirds of their money and campaign visits in just five states; over 80% in nine states; and over 99% of their money in just 16 states.

The Cook Political Report recently released its list of 13 battleground states for 2008, including 7 closely divided states (New Hampshire, Nevada, New Mexico, Iowa, Wisconsin, Ohio, and Florida) and 6 "Republican leaning" states (Missouri and Colorado), and 4 Democratically-leaning states (Oregon, Minnesota, Michigan, and Pennsylvania).

Another shortcoming of the current system is that a candidate can win the Presidency without winning the most popular votes nationwide. A shift of 60,000 votes would have elected Kerry in 2004, even though President Bush was ahead by 3,500,000 votes nationwide.

The U.S. Constitution gives the states exclusive and plenary control over the manner of awarding of their electoral votes. The winner-take-all rule is not in the Constitution. It was not the Founder’s choice (having been used by only three states in the nation’s first presidential election). Maine and Nebraska currently award electoral votes by district—a reminder that a federal constitutional amendment is not required to change the way the President is elected.

The National Popular Vote bill would take effect only when enacted, in identical form, by states possessing a majority of the electoral votes—that is, enough electoral votes to elect a President (270 of 538). When the bill is enacted in a group of states possessing 270 or more electoral votes, all of the electoral votes from those states would be awarded, as a bloc, to the presidential candidate who receives the most popular votes in all 50 states (and DC).

The bill has been endorsed by the New York Times, Chicago Sun-Times, Minneapolis Star-Tribune, Los Angeles Times, Boston Globe, and Sacramento Bee, Common Cause and Fair Vote.

70% of the public has long supported nationwide election of the president.

The National Advisory Board of National Popular Vote includes former congressmen John Anderson (R–Illinois and later independent presidential candidate), John Buchanan (R–Alabama—the first Republican elected to represent Birmingham), Tom Campbell (R–California), and Tom Downey (D–New York), and former Senators Birch Bayh (D–Indiana), David Durenberger (R–Minnesota), and Jake Garn (R–Utah).

Additional information is available in the book Every Vote Equal: A State-Based Plan for Electing the President by National Popular Vote (which may be read or downloaded for free at our web site, or purchased at Amazon).